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Defining Extremism

Addressing Extremism – ICCCR & ICAR

(Excerpt from last document) Drs. Coleman & Bartoli: “Extremism is a complex phenomenon, although its complexity is often hard to see. Most simply, it can be defined as activities (beliefs, attitudes, feelings, actions, strategies) of a character far removed from the ordinary. In conflict settings it manifests as a severe form of conflict engagement. However, the labeling of activities, people, and groups as ‘extremist’, and the defining of what is ‘ordinary’ in any setting is always a subjective and political matter.”

Domestic Extremism Lexicon – DHS’s I&A

Investigating Terrorism & Criminal Extremism (Terms & Concepts) – DoJ’s BJA

Conspiracy Theories – University of Chicago Law School

(Excerpt from last document) Cass Sunstein: “A conspiracy theory can generally be counted as such if it is an effort to explain some event or practice by reference to the machinations of powerful people, who have also managed to conceal their role.”

The Power of Unreason – Conspiracy Theories, Extremism, & Counter-Terrorism (Demos)

The Domestic Terrorist Threat – Background & Issues for Congress (CRS)

(Excerpt from last document) Bjelopera (a specialist in organized crime & terrorism): “Presumably, using the term ‘extremist’ allows prosecutors, policymakers, and investigators the flexibility to discuss terrorist-like activity without actually labeling it as ‘terrorism’ and then having to prosecute it as such. This flexibility is certainly an asset to prosecutors. They can charge subjects of FBI domestic terrorism investigations under a wider array of statutes and, as a result, not describe the subjects publicly as terrorists…[t]he FBI’s public formulation of ‘extremism’ suggests two components. First, extremism involves hewing to particular ideologies. Second, it also includes criminal activity to advance these ideologies.”

Extremism – DoD Equal Opportunity Management Institute

Definitions:
1. 1) “Extremism [is a] term used to describe the actions or ideologies of individuals or groups who take a political idea to its limits, regardless of unfortunate repercussions, and show intolerance toward all views other than their own.”
  2) “Extremist [is a] person who advocates the use of force or violence; advocates supremacist causes based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or national origin; or otherwise engages to illegally deprive individuals or groups of their civil rights.”
  3) Ideology definition: “Ideology [is a] set of political beliefs about the nature of people and society; an organized collection of ideas about the best and most appropriate way to live.”

Radicalization – Relevant Psychological & Sociological Concepts (U.S. Army)

Civil Liberties & Security – 10 Years After 9_11 (AP-NORC)

A False Sense of Insecurity

(Previous document) A libertarian analyst evaluated the true risk of “terrorism”.

domestic-extremism-remains-a-persistant-threat-joint intelligence bulletin- FBI-DHS

(Excerpt from last document) A FBI and DHS document released on April 16, 2015: “Domestic Extremism [is defined as] individuals present in the United States who seek to further political or social goals, wholly or in part, through unlawful acts of force or violence. The mere advocacy of political or social positions, political activism, use of strong rhetoric, or generalized philosophic embrace of violent tactics may not constitute extremism, and may be constitutionally protected.”

Signs of Terrorism and/or Extremism

The Global War on Terror is a Hoax

Project Megiddo (FBI)

Bounding the Global War on Terrorism (U.S. Army War College)

Jack Bauer Syndrome – Hollywood’s Depiction of National Security Law (Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal)

(Excerpt from last document) “The State of New Hampshire’s experience with terrorism slants primarily towards the domestic type. We are fortunate that our State has not been victimized from a mass casualty event from an international terrorism strike however on the domestic front, the threat is real and here. Groups such as the Sovereign Citizens, Free Staters, and Occupy New Hampshire are active and present daily challenges. Outside of the officially organized groups, there are several homegrown clusters that are anti-government and pose problems for law enforcement agencies.”

Foes of Tea Party Movement to Infiltrate Rallies (Associated Press)

Ann Tompkins DoJ Press Release 3#3a18#3a11

Bernard von NotHaus, creator of the Liberty Dollar (LD). Tompkins explains how the LD undermined Federal Reserve Notes.

(Excerpt from last document) US Attorney Ann Tompkins: “Attempts to undermine the legitimate currency of this country are simply a unique form of domestic terrorism. While these forms of anti-government activities do not involve violence, they are every bit as insidious and represent a clear and present danger to the economic stability of this country. We are determined to meet these threats through infiltration, disruption and dismantling of organizations which seek to challenge the legitimacy of our democratic form of government.” (Tompkins Wikipedia Page)

Protesting = Low-Level Terrorism

DoD’s Level I Antiterrorism Awareness Training (ACLU)

Force Protection Advisory #09-01 (U.S. Army Reserve)

No Real Threat – The Pentagon’s Secret Database on Peaceful Protest (ACLU)

2009 Virginia Terrorism Threat Assessment – Virigina Fusion Center

Bureau of Justice Assistants (BJA) Training Materials

25 BJA Fliers

Terrorism Training for Law Enforcement – BJA & SLATT

Your Safety is Our Priority Flyers (TSA)

Countering Violent Extremism

Empower Local Partners to Prevent Violent Extremism in the US – White House

Countering Violent Extremism in the United States – CRS

Countering Violent Extremism Working Group (Homeland Security Advisory Group)

(Excerpt from last document) “The current level of understanding regarding the sociology of ‘radicalization’ and ‘extremism’ is still immature…[c]ontinue[d] efforts to ensure that fusion centers have the capacity to receive and understand threat-related information and to share that knowledge with local authorities…[t]raining is needed for school officials and parents on a variety of issues including… the use of internet social networking sites by sexual predators and extremist recruiters…”